
Ser vs estar
Explanation-first grammar card
Example
Soy profesora, pero hoy estoy cansada. — I am a teacher, but today I am tired. / Madrid es bonita y ahora está llena de turistas. — Madrid is beautiful and it is full of tourists now.
Explanation
Contrast: ser describes identity, origin, profession, and more stable facts. estar describes location, feelings, and temporary state. Shortcut: ask whether the sentence is about what something is or how/where it is right now.
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